What is substance abuse?
Substance use disorder is a medical condition that affects the way someone uses drugs, alcohol or tobacco. It can involve prescription medications, illegal substances or alcohol, and may impact people in different ways. Health professionals use established guidelines, like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), to help identify and treat this condition. Substance use disorders can range from mild to severe, depending on a person’s behaviors and patterns of use, but with the right care and support, treatment and recovery are always possible.Causes of substance abuse
Substance use disorder happens when using drugs, alcohol or other substances changes the brain. When this happens, a person may need more of the substance, or use it more often, to feel the same effects. This can lead to dependence or addiction. The good news is that with care and support, recovery is always possible.
Risk factors for substance abuse
It's not possible to predict who might develop a substance use disorder disorder. However, there are some factors that may increase your risk:
- Age: The risk of having a substance use disorder disorder decreases as people age
- Peer pressure: People who spend time around friends who use drugs have an increased risk of using similar substances
- Medical history: Some people use controlled substances to manage symptoms of mental illness instead of going to a doctor
- Substance of choice: People are more likely to have a dependency on certain drugs. These include stimulants like cocaine and painkillers like opioids
- Family and community involvement: Young people sometimes don't have enough parent supervision. They may be more likely to use controlled substances
Symptoms of substance abuse
The most common sign of substance use disorder is a change in behavior. These changes look different for everyone and can depend on how serious the condition is.
Some common symptoms may include:
- Loss of motivation
- Using a substance more often or in larger amounts
- Sudden need for money
- Noticeable changes in energy levels
- Sudden weight gain or loss
- Strong cravings or urges to use a substance
- Keeping a supply on hand
- Risky behaviors while under the influence
- Missing work or school, or losing interest in them
- Being secretive about friends, activities or whereabouts
Diagnosis of substance abuse
A medical doctor, psychologist or counselor can diagnose a substance use disorder. They'll do an exam and a patient interview. The DSM specifies certain criteria you have to meet to receive a diagnosis.
The medical professional asks questions about the type of controlled substance you use. They want to know how often and how long you've used a drug. This helps them figure out the behavioral patterns associated with substance use disorders.
Substance use disorder is a complex medical condition that often requires professional care. It is not a sign of weakness, poor judgment or personal failure.
Treatments for substance abuse
Treatment often begins with detox, a process that helps clear substances from the body. This step can feel different for everyone. Some people go through detox in a treatment facility with medical support, while others may do so at home with guidance.
After detox, many people take part in treatment programs that include one-on-one or group sessions. These programs help you better understand addiction, build coping skills and learn how to prevent relapse. Support can happen in a residential setting or through regular meetings while living at home.
Recovery from substance abuse
Substance use disorder is a chronic condition, which means it may last for a long time. While there isn’t a single cure, it can be managed with the right support. Many people find strength in 12-step programs, therapy or family support groups. What matters most is finding what works best for you, and staying committed to your recovery.