Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Causes of pseudomyxoma peritonei

PMP usually arises from a tumor that starts in the appendix and produces mucin. When the appendix ruptures, these cells spread through the rest of the abdominal cavity.

• Most commonly caused by a condition called appendiceal mucinous neoplasms
• Can also rarely originate from ovarian, colon or other abdominal tumors
• The tumor cells secrete mucin, which accumulates in the abdomen over time

Risk factors for pseudomyxoma peritonei

While PMP is rare, certain conditions may increase the risk of developing it.

• Having an appendiceal mucinous tumor (low-grade or high-grade)
• Having a family history of gastrointestinal tumors
• Getting a misdiagnosis of appendicitis that is actually a tumor

Symptoms of pseudomyxoma peritonei

Symptoms usually develop gradually and can be vague or mimic other abdominal issues. They include:

• Abdominal distention
• Bloating
• Unexplained weight gain or loss
• Changes in bowel habits (like constipation)
• Hernias (due to increased abdominal pressure)
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Loss of appetite and fatigue

Diagnosing pseudomyxoma peritonei

Diagnosis typically means using imaging studies and sometimes surgery to confirm the source and extent of mucin. Your doctor may order:

• A CT scan to detect mucin accumulation and tumor location
• An Ultrasound for preliminary assessment
• Blood tests to check tumor markers (like CEA, CA-125)
• A biopsy or surgical exploration for definitive diagnosis

Treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei

Treatment is often complex and requires specialized care to remove tumor tissue and mucin from the abdominal cavity. Some treatment options include:

• Cytoreductive surgery (CRS): Surgical removal of visible tumor and affected tissue
• HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy): Heated chemotherapy applied directly to the abdominal cavity after surgery
• Follow-up imaging and monitoring for recurrence
• In rare or inoperable cases: systemic chemotherapy or palliative care