What is Small Intestine Cancer?

Small intestine cancer is a rare form of cancer that starts in the tissues of the small bowel, which is responsible for digesting food and absorbing nutrients. It can develop in different types of cells, leading to various tumor types that may grow slowly or spread quickly.
Common related conditions
Colorectal Cancer

Causes of small intestine cancer

The exact cause of small intestine cancer isn’t fully understood, but it usually begins when cells in the lining of the small bowel grow abnormally.

  • Genetic mutations that cause cells to grow uncontrollably
  • Long-term inflammation in the intestines
  • Underlying conditions like Crohn’s disease or celiac disease
  • Rare inherited syndromes like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
  • Diet high in red or processed meats may also play a role

Risk Factors for small intestine cancer

Some health conditions and lifestyle factors can raise the risk of developing this type of cancer.

  • Having Crohn’s disease, celiac disease or other inflammatory bowel conditions
  • Family history of gastrointestinal cancers
  • Certain inherited syndromes like FAP or Lynch syndrome
  • Older age, usually over 60
  • Smoking or high intake of alcohol
  • Diets high in fat and processed meat

Symptoms of small intestine cancer

Symptoms can be mild or vague at first, and they often resemble more common digestive issues.

  • Abdominal pain or cramping
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Nausea, vomiting or bloating
  • Changes in bowel habits, like diarrhea or constipation
  • Blood in the stool or black, tarry stools
  • Feeling tired or weak due to anemia

Diagnosing small intestine cancer

Because it's rare and symptoms are non-specific, small intestine cancer may be difficult to diagnose right away.

  • CT scan or MRI to locate masses or blockages
  • Endoscopy or capsule endoscopy to view the inside of the small bowel
  • Biopsy to confirm cancer through tissue analysis
  • Blood tests to check for anemia or tumor markers
  • PET scans to detect any cancer spread

Treatment of small intestine cancer

Treatment depends on the tumor’s location, type and whether it has spread.

  • Surgery to remove the tumor and affected part of the intestine
  • Chemotherapy for more aggressive or advanced cancers
  • Radiation therapy, used less often but may help in some cases
  • Targeted therapy for certain types of tumors
  • Palliative care to manage symptoms and improve comfort

 

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