What is thoracic outlet syndrome?
Thoracic outlet syndrome (also called TOS) happens when your nerves or blood vessels are squeezed in the space between your collarbone and your first rib. This can cause pain, numbness or weakness in your shoulder, arm or hand.Causes of thoracic outlet syndrome
TOS happens when something presses on nerves or blood vessels in the upper chest.
- Injury from a car crash or fall
- Repeating the same arm movements over and over
- Poor posture
- Having an extra rib near the neck (called a cervical rib)
Risk factors for thoracic outlet syndrome
Certain things can make TOS more likely to happen.
- Jobs or sports with lots of arm movement
- Bad posture for long periods
- Past injury to the neck or shoulder
- Being born with a bone problem like an extra rib
Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome
Symptoms depend on whether nerves or blood vessels are affected.
- Pain in the neck, shoulder or arm
- Numbness or tingling in the hand or fingers
- Weak grip
- Swelling or color changes in the arm or hand
- The arm may feel tired after using it
Diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome
Doctors use exams and tests to check for TOS.
- Physical exam to look at movement and strength
- Nerve tests to check signals in the arm
- Ultrasound, CT scan or MRI to view blood vessels
- X-ray to check for extra bones or other problems
Treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome
Treatment depends on what’s causing the pressure.
- Physical therapy to stretch and strengthen muscles
- Medicines to reduce pain or swelling
- Surgery if the problem doesn’t get better with therapy
- Changing how you sit, stand or move your arms
When to seek care
See a doctor if you notice:
- Pain, tingling or numbness in one arm
- Arm or hand feels weak or cold
- Symptoms get worse when lifting your arm
- Trouble doing daily tasks with your arm